Sources of Microplastic Generation in the Environment.

The number of scientific papers on microplastics in the environment has grown exponentially [...].

Life cycle management in bakeries: a proposed roadmap towards sustainability.

PURPOSE: Some commercial/industrial sectors have increased their interest in sustainability, in some cases changing their business focus, from a profit-centered approach to a more balanced view, including environmental and social factors. It means that the interest in sustainability is increasing. Life cycle management (LCM) is a methodology/concept that can contribute to this paradigm shift. In this research, the potential application of LCM in the bakery segment was investigated, considering the entire value chain related to the sector (inputs, packaging, suppliers, customers, waste management). METHODS: Bakeries were visited, in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, to learn about the products, services, production processes, and the socio-environmental and economic sustainability practices, aiming at identifying bottlenecks and to propose alternatives based on LCM. Besides the field approach, the study was structured based on the literature that brings the concepts and potentialities of applying LCM in various economic/industrial sectors. The PDCA cycle and the SWOT Matrix were also used to assist the implementation of LCM. A roadmap was proposed aiming at the LCM implementation in bakeries. RESULTS: The results show that although the sector has some environmentally sustainable practices (waste separation, energy savings, reuse of products, inputs purchased locally), the primary intention is to reduce costs and not to mitigate environmental impacts. Regarding social responsibility, they donate bread to institutions. This is an important attitude, but not the only one for fulfilling the social role within the value chain. They do not consider suppliers that show concern for the environment (certified companies), and both marketing and product labels do not evoke these issues too. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Thus, there is the possibility of implementing LCM in bakeries if there is a concern with sustainable production and consumption. A roadmap for implementing LCM in bakeries was proposed including some steps: mapping the life cycle of products/processes/services associated with the sector; analyzing factors that can influence the actions towards sustainability; disseminating life cycle information to the entire value chain; efficient waste management, including the partnership with recycling companies; and treatment of the collected data and improvement proposal, using management tools such as the PDCA Cycle, the SWOT Matrix, and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) aiming at the search for environmental and economic sustainability and social fair alternatives. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11367-021-02008-7.

Selenium status and its relationship with thyroid hormones in obese women.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies have been conducted with the purpose of elucidating thyroid gland dysfunction in obesity, however the contributing factors for such dysfunction are not yet fully understood. Selenium is notable for its role in thyrocyte protection against oxidative damage and control of thyroid hormone synthesis. In addition, subjects with obesity may exhibit alterations in the selenium homeostasis. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the selenium status and its relationship with serum thyroid hormone levels in obese women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 69 euthyroid women, aged between 18 and 50 years, who were divided in two groups: an obese group (n = 35) and a control group with women of normal weight (n = 34). Selenium intake was assessed by three-day diet records and analyzed using NutWin software version 1.5. Plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary selenium levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Testing for thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies was performed based on chemiluminescence. RESULTS: The median dietary selenium content was adequate according to the recommendations, with no statistical difference between groups. Obese women had reduced plasma and erythrocyte selenium levels compared to the control group, although selenium concentration in erythrocytes was adequate within the normal range for both groups. There was no significant difference between the urinary selenium concentrations in the subjects; however, the mineral clearance was higher in the obese group. Free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were higher in obese women with class II obesity when compared to the control group. There was a negative correlation between plasma selenium and serum fT4 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Obese women showed impairment in selenium homeostasis, however, this fact did not seem to adversely affect thyroid metabolism.

Relationship between selenium status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: Crohn disease (CD) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and various factors involved in its pathogenesis including oxidative stress. The oxidative stress in CD may compromise antioxidant nutrients, such as selenium. The aim of this study was to assess the status of selenium and its relationship with markers of oxidative stress in patients with CD in comparison to controls. METHODS: The study included 47 patients with CD (20 with active disease and 27 in remission) and 25 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of plasma and erythrocyte selenium concentrations using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Selenoprotein P (SepP) was evaluated by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity was assessed by using an automatic biochemistry analyzer, and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was measured. Comparative analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. For correlations, Pearson's coefficient test was used. The determinants for CD and lipid peroxidation were indicated by odds ratio. RESULTS: Plasma and erythrocyte selenium levels and SepP concentrations were lower in the CD patient groups than in the healthy group. GPx1 activity and the concentration of TBARS were significantly higher in the CD groups. In the univariate analysis, plasma and erythrocyte selenium and TBARS were associated with CD. CONCLUSION: Patients with CD have impaired selenium status, which is related to the increased oxidative stress observed in these patients.

Saneamento básico como dignidade humana: entre o mínimo existencial e a reserva do possível / Basic sanitation as human dignity: between the minimum existential and the reserve of the possible

RESUMO O caminho que se propõe a percorrer neste trabalho passa pela observação da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais em Teresina, Piauí, tendo o saneamento básico como indicador e destacando o mínimo existencial e a reserva do possível como balizas para o atendimento das demandas no setor. Justificando-se na escassez de recursos financeiros que impede a ampliação de estruturas de esgotamento sanitário, abastecimento de água, drenagem de águas pluviais e coleta de resíduos sólidos, Teresina foi se distanciando do que é considerado como o mínimo existencial em saneamento pela Lei nº 11.445/2007. Reserva do possível não pode ser invocada quando afeta a dignidade humana. A análise documental utilizada nesta pesquisa revelou que o município descumpre a Constituição Federal, por não oferecer condições básicas para evitar que a dignidade da pessoa humana seja desconsiderada nos seus limites territoriais.

ABSTRACT The path that this work proposes to go through involves observing the effectiveness of fundamental rights in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, introducing basic sanitation as indicator and highlighting the minimum existential and a reserve of the possible as measures to identify the demands of the sector. Sustaining in the scarcity of financial resources that prevent the expansion of structures sanitary sewage, water supply, drainage of rainwater and solid waste collection, Teresina distanced itself from what is considered as the minimum existential in sanitation by the Law no. 11.445/2007. Reserve of the possible cannot be invoked when it affects human dignity. The documentary analysis used in this research revealed that the municipality does not comply with the Federal Constitution, because it does not offer conditions to avoid that the dignity of the human person is disregarded within the territorial limits.

Desempenho ambiental da produção de ração para frango de corte no Piauí / Environmental performance of feed production for broiler in Piauí state, Brazil

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivos identificar e avaliar os potenciais impactos da produção de ração para frango de corte com a metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida. A coleta de dados primários foi realizada em uma cooperativa de avicultores de Teresina (PI) e envolveu a identificação das matérias-primas, além de sua origem e quantidade, e de etapas do processo produtivo. Também, foram utilizados dados secundários do banco de dados Ecoinvent, disponível no software SimaPro, com o qual foi executada a modelagem do processo, pela qual identificamos as entradas e saídas do sistema. O método de avaliação usado foi o ReCiPe Midpoind (H). A caracterização da avaliação de impacto mostrou que os impactos mais significativos estão relacionados à utilização de ingredientes com maior teor de energia e proteína, como milho e soja. Isso se dá em razão dos impactos ambientais negativos associados à produção agrícola desses materiais (dados do Ecoinvent), além do seu transporte entre as fazendas (Uruçuí e Sebastião Leal, região sul do Piauí) e a fábrica de ração (a aproximadamente 520 km de distância de Teresina). Desse modo, são impactos ligados às atividades que ocorrem fora dos limites da cooperativa. Além disso, a utilização da farinha feita com carne e ossos, subproduto oriundo de abatedouros, determinou o aparecimento de impactos ambientais positivos em todas as categorias do método utilizado, com destaque para: eutrofização de corpos de água doce, ecotoxicidade marinha e depleção da camada de ozônio. O reaproveitamento desses subprodutos (farinha feita com carne e ossos) é ambientalmente vantajoso.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify and evaluate the potential impacts of feed production for broiler poultry, using the life cycle assessment methodology. Primary data collection was conducted in a poultry cooperative of Teresina, Piauí state, Brazil, and involved the identification of raw materials, as well as their origin and quantity, and the stages of the production process. In addition, we used secondary data from the Ecoinvent database, available in SimaPro software, in which the modeling was performed. The ReCiPe Midpoint (H) was used as the evaluation method. The characterization of the impact assessment showed that the greatest impacts are related to the use of ingredients with high energy and protein content, such as maize and soybeans. This is due to the negative environmental impacts associated with the agricultural production of these materials (Ecoinvent data), as well as the transport between the farms (Uruçuí and Sebastião Leal, Southern Piauí) and the feed factory (approximately 520 km away from Teresina). Thus, these impacts are associated with activities outside the cooperative boundaries. Furthermore, the use of meat and bone meal, a by-product originated from abattoirs, determined the appearance of positive environmental impacts in all categories of the used method, especially: eutrophication of freshwater bodies, marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion. The reuse of these by-products (meat and bone meal) is environmentally advantageous.

Repercussão da iniciação sexual na vida sexual e reprodutiva de jovens de capital do Nordeste brasileiro / Impact of first sexual intercourse on the sexual and reproductive life of young people in a capital city of the Brazilian Northeast

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a repercussão da iniciação sexual de jovens com antecedentes obstétricos no número de gestações e de parceiros, em Teresina (PI). Trata-se de estudo seccional, realizado com 464 jovens selecionadas por amostragem acidental, que finalizaram uma gravidez quando tinham idade de 15 a 19 anos, no primeiro quadrimestre de 2006, em seis maternidades do município. A coleta dos dados primários ocorreu de maio a dezembro de 2008, no domicílio das jovens, após sua localização nos registros hospitalares. As análises univariada e bivariada se deram por meio de estatística descritiva e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson ou Teste t, respectivamente. Empregouse ainda o Teste post hoc de Tukey e as variáveis significativas na análise bivariada (p < 0,05) foram incluídas no modelo de Análise de Variância Multifatorial. A escolaridade (p < 0,001) e a idade da menarca (p < 0,001) influenciaram a idade da iniciação sexual e, esta, por sua vez, apresentou correlação negativa significativa (p < 0,01) com o número de parceiros e de gestações das jovens. Assim, quanto mais cedo ela iniciou-se sexualmente, mais gestações teve até o momento de sua vida reprodutiva, bem como maior número de parceiros sexuais. Portanto, a iniciação sexual precoce repercutiu negativamente sobre estas variáveis.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the repercussion of first sexual intercourse on the number of pregnancies and partners of teenagers with obstetric history in Teresina (PI), Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with 464 young women selected by accidental sampling who gave birth at 15-19 years of age in the first four months of 2006 in six maternity hospitals of the municipality. Primary data was collected from May to December 2008 at the participants' homes after tracking them in the hospital medical records. The univariate and bivariate analysis were performed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test or T-test, respectively. Tukey's post hoc test was used as post hoc test and significant variables on the bivariate analysis (p < 0.05) were also included in the multifactor analysis of variance model. Schooling (p < 0,001) and menarche's age (p < 0,001) influenced the age of first sexual intercourse and this, in turn, showed significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) with the number of partners and pregnancies of young women. Thus, the earlier the young women start sexual activity, the higher the number of pregnancies and sexual partners until the moment of their reproductive life. Thus, early first sexual intercourse had a negative repercussion on these variables.

Volatile compounds and palynological analysis from pollen pots of stingless bees from the mid-north region of Brazil

ABSTRACT Samburá is the botanical pollen nectar agglutinated by salivary secretions of bees. Stingless bee pollen samples were collected in three periods of the year in Monsenhor Gil town, PI, Brazil, for extraction of volatile constituents by different techniques, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the palynological analysis used to identify the dominant pollen. Among the volatile compounds identified, kaur-16-ene, methyl and ethyl hexadecanoate, methyl linoleate and heneicosane were identified more frequently in the studied parameters: period of sample collection and extraction techniques used. The palynological analysis identified the pollen of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. as the dominant pollen in all samples studied.

Retrospective study of dental trauma in children with autism spectrum disorders: a paired study.

The objective was to evaluate the history of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) at the Centro Integrado de Educação Especial (CIES), in Teresina, Brazil. The dental records of 228 children, 114 with ASD (SG = study group) and 114 without ASD (CG = control group), paired by age, gender and socioeconomic characteristics between January 2007 and September 2014 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression (alpha = 5.0%). Dental trauma in SG was lower than in the CG (24.6% and 41.2%, respectively, p = 0.007). The risk of trauma was lower among males in SG (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.67). The likelihood of TDI in SG was 3.17 higher in females than that of males (p = 0.040). The prevalence of TDI was lower in ASD individuals compared to controls. Dental trauma was higher among ASD girls than ASD boys.

Survival time of direct dental restorations in adults / Sobrevida de restaurações dentárias diretas em adultos

Introduction: The presence of dental caries is the main reason for the placement and replacement of restorations. Maintaining restorations to a satisfactory clinical condition is a challenge, despite the evolution of materials and surgical operative techniques. Objective: To investigate the survival time and technical-operatory characteristics of dental restorations among adults in Teresina-PI. Material and method: Data collection was carried out from September 2009 to January 2010 at a non-profit dental service. Data were collected at the moment of restoration replacement. The sample consisted of 262 defective restorations in 139 individuals. Survival time was calculated using the placement date that was registered on the individual’s dental form. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the survival time of the different types of restorations and the chi-square test was used to assess the association between qualitative variables, at a 5% significance level. Result: The median survival time of the restorations was 2 years. The survival time for amalgam was higher than for composite and glass ionomer cement (p=0.004). The most replaced dental material was the composite (66.4%). The majority of the replaced restorations had been placed in anterior teeth, in proximal surfaces. Conclusion: Amalgam restorations have a longer survival time than composite resin. Technical and operatory variables had no influence on the survival time of restorations. Dental restorations have a low survival time and this fact might be associated with the decion-making process that is adopted by the professionals.

Introdução: A cárie dentária é o principal motivo para a instalação e troca de restaurações. A preservação destas em condição clínica satisfatória é um desafio, apesar da evolução dos materiais e técnicas cirúrgico-operatórias. Objetivo: Investigar o tempo de sobrevida e características técnico-operatórias das restaurações dentárias diretas de adultos em Teresina, Piauí. Material e método: A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro de 2009 a janeiro de 2010, em clínicas de tratamento odontológico sem fins lucrativos. Os dados técnicos e operatórios do preparo cavitário e da restauração foram coletados no momento da substituição. A sobrevida foi calculada a partir da data de instalação que constava no prontuário. Os dados foram registrados em um formulário criado com esse fim. Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram empregados para comparar a sobrevida dos diferentes tipos de restaurações e o teste qui-quadrado para associações entre variáveis qualitativas, ambos com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: As 262 substituições de restaurações deficientes estavam em 139 pacientes. A mediana de sobrevida das restaurações foi 2 anos. As restaurações de amálgama tiveram sobrevivência maior que as de resina composta (p=0,004). O material restaurador mais substituído foi resina composta (66,4%). A maioria das restaurações localizava-se em dentes anteriores e em preparos proximais. Conclusão: As restaurações de amálgama teve sobrevida maior que as de resina composta. As variáveis técnico-operacionais não influenciaram na taxa de substituições. As restaurações diretas possuem reduzido tempo de sobrevida o que pode estar associada à filosofia adotada pelo serviço para o tratamento fornecido.

Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, voluntary bone marrow donors registry analysis.

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to report the allele and haplotype frequencies of volunteer bone marrow donors (VBMD) from the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) who were enrolled in the Brazilian Volunteer Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME). METHODS: the sample comprised 12,973 VBMD who had their allele and haplotype frequencies calculated by Arlequin 3.5.1.2. A multivariate analysis of the data was obtained through a principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed with SPSS 8.0. RESULTS: the most frequent allelic group was HLA-A*02, followed by -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 and -DRB1*01. Of the 2,701 haplotypes observed, the three most frequent were HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1.62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1.56%) and -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1.29%). These haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium. RN allele and haplotype frequencies were very similar to those in other Brazilian states in which similar studies have been performed. The PCA revealed that RN is highly genetically similar to Caucasian populations, especially those from Iberian countries, which strongly influenced the state's ethnic composition. Africans and Amerindians also influenced the RN population structure, to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: the HCA reinforced the conclusion that, despite its highly admixed profile, the RN population is genetically similar to European and European-descended populations. The PCA also showed that RN cities do not contribute to the same extent to REDOME, with less populous cities being underrepresented, indicating the need to enroll more VBMD from these smaller cities to faithfully depict the state's population structure in the database.

Farmacopeia natural de comunidades rurais no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil / Natural Pharmacopeia of Rural Communities in the State of Piauí, Northeast of Brazil

Objetivou-se conhecer as plantas medicinais, as formas de usos e indicações terapêuticas atribuídas pelas comunidades Pau-Arrastado, Salinas e Resolvido. Utilizaram-se entrevista semiestruturada e turnês guiadas e seguiu-se metodologia botânica usual. Amostraram-se 93 pessoas (51,9% do total). As espécies foram agrupadas em 18 categorias de doenças, de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Calculou-se o Fator de Consenso dos Informantes (FCI) e a Importância Relativa (IR). Referiram-se 81 espécies, em 40 famílias botânicas e 69 gêneros, sendo 75,3% nativas. A família mais destacada foi Fabaceae (18,5%), as folhas foram as partes mais usadas (32%) e o preparo mais adotado foi a tintura (38,2%). Destacaram-se os sistemas corporais: agentes de infecções bacterianas e virais (27,2%), doenças do aparelho digestivo (22,4%) e genitourinário (19,5%). Croton campestris A. St. Hil. e Ximenia americana L. foram as espécies mais versáteis, com IR (2,00). Houve maior consenso para as plantas indicadas no tratamento de doenças do fígado. (AU)

The purpose of this work is to know more about medicinal plants, forms of usage and therapeutic indications determined by the communities of Pau-Arrastado, Salinas and Resolvido. We used semi-structured interviews, guided tours and followed the usual botanical methodology. The study sample included 93 individuals (51.9% of the total). Species were grouped into 18 categories of disease, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). We calculated the Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC) and the Index of Relative Importance (IRI). They included eighty-one (81) species, belonging to 40 botanical families and 69 genera were referred, of which 75.3% were native ones. The most prominent family was Fabaceae (18.5%), and the leaves were the most used parts (32%). The preparation method most used was dye (38.2%). The highlights were the body systems: agents of bacterial and viral infections (27.2%), digestive system diseases (22.4%) and genitourinary diseases (19.5%). Croton campestris A. St. Hil. and Ximenia americana L. were the most versatile with an IRI of 2.00. There was a greater consensus for the plants indicated for the treatment of liver diseases.(AU)

Dentin hypersensitivity treatment of non-carious cervical lesions - a single-blind, split-mouth study.

This study aims to compare the in vivo effect of a desensitizing therapy associated with a restorative technique for the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) in non-carious lesions. The sample consisted of 68 teeth with moderate or severe dentin hypersensitivity in 17 individuals (one tooth per quadrant). The sensitivity levels of the teeth were scored, and the teeth were randomly distributed into four groups: T1 - desensitizing gel applied once per week until remission of pain; T2 - desensitizing gel applied once per week followed immediately by restoration with resin composite (Filtek Z250, 3M Espe); T3 - desensitizing gel once per week until remission of pain and then restoration with resin composite; and T4 - restoration with resin composite. Dentin hypersensitivity was assessed at 0, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days. The Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney (p < 0.05) tests were used to compare the treatments. The mean baseline CDH scores were T1 - 2.41, T2 - 2.41, T3 - 2.47, and T4 - 2.70 (p > 0.05). At seven and 180 days, the mean CDH scores were as follows: T1 - 1.47/0.65, T2 - 1.35/0.71, T3 - 0.71/0.53, and T4 - 1.12/0.59, all of which were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the baseline scores. The scores at 30, 90 and 180 days were not significantly different when compared to the score of the previous period. At 180 days, CDH scores were similar among groups (p > 0.05). Teeth with moderate or severe hypersensitivity that required a filling responded similarly regardless of whether the desensitizing procedure was carried out prior to the filling.

The impact of the cost of oral hygiene products on the domestic budget in the urban region of a midsize Brazilian capital city / O impacto do custo de produtos de higiene bucal sobre o orçamento doméstico na zona urbana de uma capital de porte médio Brasileira

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the cost of oral hygiene products in Teresina, Piauí, on the Brazilian minimum salary (MS) over the period of two years. METHODS: The writer of this study visited 12 businesses from five geographical areas of the city during four consecutive months in 2011 and 2013 to collect the prices of toothbrushes, toothpaste, dental floss and mouth rinse solutions of different brands. The prices were used to calculate the monthly expense that one individual would have if they consumed the ideal quantity of the products, as recommended by the dental literature. Brazil's MS at the time of the study was used as a parameter to calculate the impact of the cost of the items on the family budget. RESULTS: The mean monthly cost per individual was R$ 17.93 in 2011 (2.88% of the MS) and R$ 24.92 in 2013 (3.67% of the MS). There was an increase of 38.9 % in the mean price of products and the impact on the MS increased by 27.43 % during the study period. CONCLUSION: The impact of the cost of the oral care items was high on the Brazilian MS for the studied region. Dentists should be aware that the cost of these products can be an obstacle for their patients. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do custo dos produtos de higiene oral em Teresina, Piaúi sobre a o salário mínimo brasileiro ao longo de dois anos de observação. MÉTODOS: Doze estabelecimentos comerciais nas zonas geográficas do município foram visitados em quarto meses consecutivos em 2011 e 2013 para coletar o preço de escovas dentais, dentifrícios, fios dentais e antissépticos bucais de diferentes marcas. Para o cálculo do consumo mensal, considerou-se que os produtos foram consumidos em quantidade ideal para o uso. Para o impacto do custo dos itens, o salário mínimo brasileiro na época do estudo foi usado como parâmetro. RESULTADOS: O custo mensal médio por indivíduo seria de R$17,93 em 2011 (2,88% do salário mínimo) e R$24,92 em 2013 (3,67% do salário mínimo). CONCLUSÃO: Houve aumento de 38,9% no preço dos produtos e o impacto sobre o SM aumentou em 27,43% no período do estudo. Os cirurgiões-dentistas devem estar bem informados sobre o custo desses produtos ao prescrevê-los a seus pacientes. .

Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups / Medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas do índice de apneia e hipopneia em diferentes faixas etárias

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. Objective: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. Methods: A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. Results: The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). Conclusion: Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumfer- ences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group. .

Introdução: Pacientes com a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) geralmente apresentam alterações na morfologia das vias aéreas superiores e/ou na distribuição da gordura corporal, que podem ocorrer durante a vida e aumentar a gravidade da SAOS com a idade. Objetivo: Correlacionar medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas com a gravidade da SAOS em diferentes faixas etárias. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas de 102 pacientes portadores de SAOS. Os pacientes foram divididos em três faixas etárias (≥20 e <40 anos, ≥40 e <60 anos, e ≥60 anos). Foi realizada correlação de Pearson destas medidas com o índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH) na amostra completa e depois por faixa etária. Resultados: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H (distância entre o plano mandibular e o osso hioide) e PNS-P (distância entre a espinha nasal posterior e a ponta do palato mole) e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significante com o IAH tanto na amostra total quanto na faixa de <40 e ≥ 60 anos. Estas variáveis não mostraram correlação significante com as outras duas faixas etárias (≤ 40 e ≥ 60 anos). Conclusão: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H e PNS-P e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação com a gravidade da SAOS em pacientes na faixa etária de ≥40 e <60 anos. .

Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, voluntary bone marrow donors registry analysis / Análise do registro de doadores voluntários de medula óssea do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

Objective: this study aimed to report the allele and haplotype frequencies of volunteer bone marrow donors (VBMD) from the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) who were enrolled in the Brazilian Volunteer Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME). Methods: the sample comprised 12,973 VBMD who had their allele and haplotype frequencies calculated by Arlequin 3.5.1.2. A multivariate analysis of the data was obtained through a principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed with SPSS 8.0. Results: the most frequent allelic group was HLA-A*02, followed by -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 and -DRB1*01. Of the 2,701 haplotypes observed, the three most frequent were HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1.62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1.56%) and -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1.29%). These haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium. RN allele and haplotype frequencies were very similar to those in other Brazilian states in which similar studies have been performed. The PCA revealed that RN is highly genetically similar to Caucasian populations, especially those from Iberian countries, which strongly influenced the state’s ethnic composition. Africans and Amerindians also influenced the RN population structure, to a lesser extent. Conclusion: the HCA reinforced the conclusion that, despite its highly admixed profile, the RN population is genetically similar to European and European-descended populations. The PCA also showed that RN cities do not contribute to the same extent to REDOME, with less populous cities being underrepresented, indicating the need to enroll more VBMD from these smaller cities to faithfully depict the state’s population structure in the database. .

Objetivo: relatar as frequências alélicas e haplotípicas do HLA-A, -B e -DRB1 de doadores voluntários de medula óssea (DVMO) do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), inscritos no Registro Nacional de Doadores de Medula Óssea (REDOME). Metodologia: 12.973 DVMO tiveram suas frequências alélica e haplotípica calculadas pelo programa Arlequin 3.5.1.2. Uma análise multivariada dos dados foi obtida por meio da Análise de Componente Principal (ACP) e da Análise de Cluster Hierárquico (ACH) realizadas pelo SPSS 8.0. Resultados: os grupos alélicos mais frequentes foram HLA-A*02, seguido por -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 e -DRB1*01. Dos 2.701 haplótipos observados, os três mais frequentes foram HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1,62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1,56%) e -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1,29%), que se encontravam em desequilíbrio de ligação. As frequências alélicas e haplotípicas do RN são bastante similares às de outros estados brasileiros em que trabalhos semelhantes foram executados. A ACP revelou ser o RN geneticamente muito semelhante a populações caucasianas, especialmente a dos países ibéricos, os quais influenciaram fortemente na composição étnica do Estado. Africanos e ameríndios também contribuíram para a estrutura populacional, mas em menor proporção. Conclusão: a ACH reforçou a conclusão de que, apesar de seu perfil miscigenado, a população do RN se assemelha geneticamente com populações europeias e que descendem das europeias. A ACP também mostrou que as cidades do RN não contribuem equitativamente na composição do REDOME, de modo que cidades pouco populosas estão sub-representadas, apontando a necessidade de cadastrar mais DVMO dessas cidades para que a estrutura da população seja fielmente retratada. .

Análise de indicadores de qualidade da triagem neonatal sanguínea / Analysis of blood quality screening in neonatal

Objetivo: analisar indicadores de qualidade da Triagem Neonatal Sanguínea no Piauí em 2013. Método: estudo documental, avaliativo, desenvolvido a partir de registros em envelopes de amostra sanguínea e no software NetLab no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Teresina-PI. Os dados foram coletados após aprovação do projeto de pesquisa no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE nº 17907213.2.0000.5214. Resultados: de 327 envelopes de amostras adequadamente coletadas e negativas à triagem (p=94,6%), apenas 36,8% destas foram realizadas entre o 3º e o 7º dia de vida; 53,1% levaram menos de 5 dias da coleta a chegada ao Laboratório; 18,3% levaram até 7 dias da chegada a liberação do resultado da triagem; 12,6% obtiveram processo de triagem concluído dentro dos primeiros 30 dias de vida do recém-nascido. Conclusão: longos tempos decorridos sinalizam articulações inadequadas entre as etapas do processo, sugerindo ajustes para melhoria de desempenho, sobretudo, para detecção precoce das doenças rastreadas.(AU)

Objective: to analyze quality indicators of Blood Neonatal Screening in Piauí in 2013. Method: documentary, evaluative study, developed from records in blood sample envelopes and in NetLab software in the Central Laboratory of Public Health, Teresina-PI. The data were collected after approval of a research project on the Ethics Committee in Research, CAAE number 17907213.2.0000.5214. Results: of 327 properly collected sample envelopes and negative screening (p=94.6%), only 36.8% were held between the 3rd and the 7 th day of life; 53.1% took less than 5 days of collecting to the arrival at the laboratory; 18.3% took until 7 days of arrival the release of screening result; 12.6% screening process were completed within the first 30 days of life of the newborn. Conclusion: a long time showed inappropriate procedure during the steps of the process, suggesting improvement to its performance, especially for early detection of diseases.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar indicadores de calidad de la selección Neonatal Sanguínea en Piauí en 2013. Método: estudio documental, evaluativo, desarrollado a partir de registros en sobres de muestra sanguínea y en el software NetLab en el Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Teresina-PI. Los datos fueron recogidos después aprobación del proyecto de investigación en el Comité de Ética en Investigación, CAAE número 17907213.2.0000.5214. Resultados: de 327 sobres de muestras adecuadamente recogidas y negativas a la selección (p=94,6%), apenas 36,8% de estas fueron realizadas entre el 3º y el 7º día de vida; 53,1% llevaron menos de 5 días da recolección a la llegada al Laboratorio; 18,3% llevaron hasta 7 días de la llegada a la liberación del resultado de la selección; 12,6% obtuvieron proceso de selección concluído dentro de los primeros 30 días de vida del recién nacido. Conclusión: largos tiempos ocurridos señalan articulaciones inadecuadas entre las etapas del processo, sugeriendo ajustes para mejoría de desempeño, sobretodo, para detección precoz de las enfermedades rastreadas.(AU)

Vacinas do esquema básico para o primeiro ano de vida em atraso em município do nordeste brasileiro / Las vacunas del esquema básico para el primer año de edad avanzada en la ciudad brasileña del noreste / Vaccines of the basic scheme for the first year of life late in northeastern brazilian city

Objective: To evaluate the achievement of the basic vaccination schedule for children in the first year of life assisted by teams of the Family Health Strategy in a northeastern Brazilian city. Method: Cross sectional descriptive study with proportional probability sample of 184 children. Vaccination cards were used as a source of information. Results: Vaccination 100% of the children were found to BCG alone (TB) and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine Smaller proportions of vaccinated children were found to MMR (81.6%), vaccine rotavirus (82.3%) and pneumococcal vaccine (85.2%). Conclusion: Major delays in the completion of the vaccines were found for the yellow fever vaccine, MMR vaccine and rotavirus...

Objetivo: Avaliar o cumprimento do calendário básico de vacinação de crianças no primeiro ano de vida assistidas por equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família em um município do nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo descritivo transversal com amostra probabilística proporcional constituída por 184 crianças. A carteira de vacinação foi utilizada como fonte de informação. Resultado: Vacinação em 100% das crianças foi encontrada apenas para a vacina BCG (contra a tuberculose) e primeira dose da vacina contra hepatite B. As menores proporções de crianças vacinadas foram encontradas para a tríplice viral (81,6%), vacina contra rotavírus (82,3%) e vacina pneumocócica (85,2%). Conclusão: Maiores atrasos na realização das vacinas foram encontrados para a vacina contra febre amarela, tríplice viral e vacina contra rotavírus...

Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación básica de los niños en el primer año de vida con la asistencia de los equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en una ciudad del nordeste brasileño. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal con muestra probabilística proporcional de 184 niños. Tarjetas de vacunación se utilizaron como una fuente de información. Resultados: La vacunación del 100% de los niños fueron encontrados con BCG solo (TB) y la primera dosis de la vacuna contra la hepatitis B proporciones más pequeñas de los niños vacunados se encontraron a MMR (81,6%), la vacuna rotavirus (82,3%) y la vacuna contra el neumococo (85,2%). Conclusión: Los principales retrasos en la finalización de las vacunas se encontraron resultados para la vacuna contra la fiebre amarilla, la vacuna triple vírica y el rotavirus...

Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. OBJECTIVE: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. METHODS: A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. RESULTS: The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). CONCLUSION: Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumferences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group.

Dentin hypersensitivity treatment of non-carious cervical lesions – a single-blind, split-mouth study

This study aims to compare the in vivo effect of a desensitizing therapy associated with a restorative technique for the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) in non-carious lesions. The sample consisted of 68 teeth with moderate or severe dentin hypersensitivity in 17 individuals (one tooth per quadrant). The sensitivity levels of the teeth were scored, and the teeth were randomly distributed into four groups: T1 – desensitizing gel applied once per week until remission of pain; T2 – desensitizing gel applied once per week followed immediately by restoration with resin composite (Filtek Z250, 3M Espe); T3 – desensitizing gel once per week until remission of pain and then restoration with resin composite; and T4 - restoration with resin composite. Dentin hypersensitivity was assessed at 0, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days. The Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney (p< 0.05) tests were used to compare the treatments. The mean baseline CDH scores were T1 - 2.41, T2 - 2.41, T3 - 2.47, and T4 - 2.70 (p > 0.05). At seven and 180 days, the mean CDH scores were as follows: T1 - 1.47/0.65, T2 - 1.35/0.71, T3 - 0.71/0.53, and T4 - 1.12/0.59, all of which were significantly lower (p< 0.001) than the baseline scores. The scores at 30, 90 and 180 days were not significantly different when compared to the score of the previous period. At 180 days, CDH scores were similar among groups (p> 0.05). Teeth with moderate or severe hypersensitivity that required a filling responded similarly regardless of whether the desensitizing procedure was carried out prior to the filling.